My hunch is that the SMU control loop is destabilized by your 100nF.
And evidently the situation is worse for compliance setting of 10mA vs 5mA.
What is the measure range in each case? Is it auto ranging or set to fixed current measure range?
Turning on high C mode should give you the consistent behavior of appx 1mA measured when forcing 5V regardless of current limit setting at 5mA or 10mA.